thunderbird pilot death

October 12, 1966: Major Frank Liethen and Captain Robert Morgan killed during a collision of two F-100s. Gen. Short told the story of former Thunderbird pilot Caroline "Blaze" Jensen, the team's right wing and No. CLEVELAND -- The commander of the Air Force Thunderbirds precision flying team died Tuesday in the crash of his T-38 jet, which apparently lost power when its engines sucked up . Sergeant Roberts, 31, of Lexington, N.C., was treated at the hospital for minor arm and knee injuries. Additionally, there was also a later USAFE "Acrojets" team in West Germany, this one made up of USAF T-33 Shooting Star instructor pilots at Frstenfeldbruck AB in the mid-1950s. Thankfully nobody was killed in either of those mishaps. The team flew F-16As, which they continued to fly until 1991 when they switched to the F-16C. The Thunderbirds, formed in 1953 as the Air Force's stunt flying squadron, performed at Burke yesterday as part of the Cleveland National Air Show. During the Korean War, the 30th attacked North Korean targets with B-29's. His death rocked the Air Force, and especially the Thunderbird community, which grieved his loss. 5960. Flying jets in close formation is inherently dangerous, here is a look at the accidents from throughout Thunderbirds history. After the pilot and seat depart the aircraft, the aircraft recovers on its own (apparently due to balance and configuration changes), circles, and miraculously makes a gentle belly landing in a snow covered field near the town of Big Sandy. The Thunderbirds were formed in 1917 as an operational squadron. The pilot died in the crash. He was an integral part of our team and our hearts are heavy with his loss. 2018 CBS Interactive Inc. All Rights Reserved. This website uses technical and profiling cookies. The squadron was almost torpedoed on its troop ship crossing the Atlantic Ocean. Dan Cherry. Del Bagno is in his first season with the team and hails from Valencia, Calif.". 1 jet during flight formations, demonstrating the teamwork and precision of America's Air Force. In 2009 the Thunderbirds hired their first-ever Air National Guard pilot, Lt. Col. Derek Routt as Thunderbird No. Lauren Schlichting, 333rd Fighter Squadron evaluating pilot and executive officer, at Seymour Johnson Air Force Base, North Carolina, to join their team. 6 (, 20 August 2005: The Thunderbirds temporarily grounded themselves pending an investigation into a minor mid-air incident during the, 2 June 2016: Major Alex Turner, flying Thunderbird No. The accident investigation board found that the push-pull effect of quickly going from -2.06 Gs or twice the equivalent of standing on ones head to 8.56 Gs dramatically lessened his tolerance to G-forces, and substantially contributed to the crash. Personal Data collected: Tracker; Usage Data. "[6], Initial speculation was that the accident might have been due to pilot error, that the leader might have misjudged his altitude or speed and the other three pilots repeated the error. These include the replacement of the 20 mm cannon and ammunition drum with a smoke-generating system, including its plumbing and control switches, the removal of the jet fuel starter exhaust door, and the application of the Thunderbirds' glossy red, white, and blue polyurethane paint scheme. [8] On 26 January 1982, Congress passed Resolution 248, stating that "The Congress hereby affirms its strong support for continuation of the Thunderbirds program." He stated that he erased the tape because it would likely be used for sensationalism purposes and he was concerned about the privacy of the victims' families. Eric Miami Tise, F-16 Instructor/Evaluator Pilot and Assistant Director of Operations, 510th Fighter Squadron, Aviano AB, Italy, Thunderbird 7: Maj. Taylor FLASH Wight, Chief of Advanced Fighter/Bomber Systems Branch, Advanced Programs Division, Pacific Air Force Headquarters, Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, HI, Thunderbird 8: Capt. This can increase the danger when a pilot quickly shifts to high G-forces, which tends to pull the blood to the abdomen and lower extremities and away from the brain. The pilot was Capt. He is a 2005 graduate of Utah Valley State University, and commissioned from Officer Training School, Maxwell AFB, Ala. in 2007. The U.S. Air Force Air Demonstration Squadron, the Thunderbirds, performs precision aerial maneuvers demonstrating the capabilities ofAir Force high performance aircraftto people throughout the world. With black smoke billowing from the exhaust and the aircraft losing altitude in a high nose-up attitude, the safety officer on the ground radioed Capt Hauck: "You're on fire, punch out!" Creators Gerry Anderson Sylvia Anderson Stars Sylvia Anderson Peter Dyneley David Graham The fatality was the thirteenth since the Thunderbirds were formed in 1953, a spokesman for the unit said. All the modification work is performed at the maintenance depot at Hill AFB near Ogden, Utah. Howard Hall, Headquarters, HQ USAF Warfare Center, is named for Maj Joseph C. Howard, a Thunderbird pilot killed when his F-4 Phantom crashed during a show on 4 June 1973. The Thunderbirds next flew a public demonstration in early 1983, more than 18 months after their last public air show. The Facebook Like button and social widgets are used to interact with the Facebook social networkand are provided byFacebook Ireland Ltd. In a January video documenting the moment he and other newly minted Thunderbirds received their iconic red flight helmets, Del Bagno called it a fantastic day.. Capt. 11 December 1954: Capt George Kevil was killed during solo training at Luke in an F-84G. Personal Data collected: NonePlace of processing: Ireland Privacy PolicyOpt Out. [7][8] Partially as a result of that accident, the squadron switched to the F-16A, and sat out the 1982 airshow season and spent that year retraining and transitioning over to the new aircraft to ready themselves for the 1983 season. As Thunderbird #4 Slot Pilot, he flew the #4 jet, aft of #1 and between the . Nearing the end the Diamond pulls straight up into the vertical to perform the signature "Bomb Burst," where all four aircraft break off in separate directions while a solo goes straight up through the maneuver and performs aileron rolls until 3 miles (4.8km) above the ground. The suit for the pilot of the number 5 airplane has the number sewn upside-down. The F-16, however, had been considered for transition prior to the accident. 27 July 1960: Capt J.R. Crane, advance pilot and narrator for the team, was killed during a solo proficiency flight at Nellis. The unit transitioned to the F-84E in 1950, the F-86F in 1955 and the F-100C in 1956. During his transition to this new assignment in 2018 Stephen also obtained his Master of Aeronautical Science, Aviation Aerospace Management Degree from Embry Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, Florida. He was the first F-35A pilot to serve as a Thunderbird. The aircraft, valued at about $20.4 million, was destroyed. The leader of the Air Force Thunderbirds precision flying team died today when his T-38 jet crashed, apparently after it lost power when its engines sucked up several seagulls on takeoff. 3 (now one of . Google Fonts is a service used to display font styles operated by Google Ireland Limited and serves to integrate such content into its pages. 6 on June 2, the day he split off for a routine maneuver and crashed into a field during an air show . "A U.S. Air Force Thunderbirds pilot was killed when his F-16 Fighting Falcon crashed over the Nevada Test and Training Range today at approximately 10:30 a.m. during a routine aerial. '', ''It appeared he hit a flock of seagulls,'' said Capt. [3] The pilots were practicing the four-plane line abreast loop, in which the aircraft climb in side-by-side formation several thousand feet, pull over in a slow, inside loop, and descend at more than 400 miles per hour (640km/h). [6] In January 1982, four members of the squadron were killed in what became known as the "Diamond Crash" of T-38 Talon aircraft which the squadron had flown since 1974. Del Bagno then started a descending half-loop maneuver called the Split-S, reaching a maximum of 8.56 Gs after five seconds, the report said. He flew 47 combat missions during the Persian Gulf War earning the Distinguished Flying Cross and four Air Medals. In addition to their air demonstration responsibilities, the Thunderbirds are part of the USAF combat force and if required, can be rapidly integrated into an operational fighter unit. [1] Four Northrop T-38 Talon jets crashed during operational training on 18 January 1982, killing all four pilots. Anyone can read what you share. No one on the ground was injured, even though the accident occurred adjacent to a roadway packed with onlookers. June 2006 - August 2007, Chief Fighter Ops, NATO Combined Air Operations Center Six, Eskisehir AB, Turkey 14. Each new officer will continue to serve in their operational unit they report this fall to begin training. An Air Force Thunderbird jet crashed today as it attempted to land after a precision flying show for about 80,000 spectators at Hill Air Force Base. Both the pilot, Lieut. I'm the first female to fly in that . The first female pilot to lead the U.S. Air Force's Viper team was asked to leave after two weeks on the job, the Air Force Times reported. January 2004 - June 2006, Pilot Career Field Manager, Headquarters Air Force, Washington, DC 13. The team had flown 26 shows by that August. Only three fatal crashes have occurred during air shows, two of them in jets: The first was the death of Major Joe Howard, flying Thunderbird No. The Air Force on Tuesday released the report on the investigation into the April 4 crash at the Nevada Test and Training Range near Nellis Air Force Base. The move to Nellis also resulted in the first assignment of buildings and hangar space to the team.[14]. The team also conducted community outreach by meeting with needy children throughout Europe. Zachary Zeke Taylor, F-15C Instructor/Evaluator Pilot, 67th Fighter Squadron, Kadena AB, Japan, Thunderbird 6: Capt. At the end of the last show season, Thunderbird #1, the team's commanding officer, was relieved of his position. Passenger Technical Sargent Kenneth Cordova is trapped during the crash but uninjured. ''They both ejected. Thunderbird 2: Capt. This is a digitized version of an article from The Timess print archive, before the start of online publication in 1996. He was in his first season with the Thunderbirds flight demonstration team, after serving with the 58th Fighter Squadron at Eglin Air Force Base in Florida as an F-35A stealth jet evaluation pilot. INDIAN SPRINGS, Nev. -- The deaths of four pilots of the fame Thunderbirds precision flying team Monday during a practice session at Indian Springs Air Force Base may have resulted from human . Clicking on "Accept" authorises all profiling cookies. [23], The second death occurred 9 May 1981 at Hill AFB, Utah, when Captain David "Nick" Hauck flying Thunderbird No. A pilot with the Navy's elite Blue Angels squadron was killed Thursday in Tennessee just hours after an Air Force Thunderbird pilot was forced to eject from his jet in Colorado, authorities. The team's worst accident was the "Diamond Crash" in 1982. It also signaled a shift in their performance routinefor example, the Cuban Eight opening routine was dropped, and emphasis was placed on low, screaming flyovers and demonstrations of takeoff performance. [9], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}363518N 1154048W / 36.5884N 115.680W / 36.5884; -115.680, 1982 Thunderbirds Indian Springs Diamond Crash, The deadliest Thunderbird accident was the crash of a team support, U.S. Air Force Thunderbirds Air Demonstration Team, "Misjudgment held 'possible' in fatal Thunderbirds crash", "Air Force finds mechanical failure led to crashes of flying team", "The U.S. Air Force Thunderbirds, Turn 50, Part One", "Partial Videotape Erasure of 1982 Air Force Thunderbirds Crash (GAO/NSIAD-84-153)", Link access to USAF Mishap Investigation Report re 18 January 1982 "Diamond Accident", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1982_Thunderbirds_Indian_Springs_Diamond_Crash&oldid=1119514540, This page was last edited on 2 November 2022, at 00:14. The jets crashed almost simultaneously with what near-by Indian Springs residents described as an earthquake-like explosion that looked like a napalm bomb. '', See the article in its original context from. His biography credited him with more than 3,500 total flight hours in more than 30 different aircraft -- the equivalent of more than 87 work weeks of 40 hours each. The Thunderbirds Squadron is a named USAF squadron, meaning it does not carry a numerical designation. Lauren "Threat" Schlichting, Exec Flying jets in close formation is inherently dangerous, here is a look at the accidents from throughout Thunderbirds history. It's with great sadness that we inform you that the pilot of that F-16 died in the incident. Could Have Caused Flame-Out, ''The airplane seems to have flown into a flock of birds,'' a spokesman for General Creach said, ''some of which could have been ingested, which could have caused the engines to lose power or flameout. Creech did not seek JAG guidance prior to destroying the tapes, and asked two of the three personnel who had been involved in reviewing the tapes to leave the room prior to his partial erasure of the master tape. [24] Capt Hauck crashed while attempting to land his ailing T-38 after an engine malfunctioned and caught fire. Stationed at Clark Field in the Philippines on 7 December 1941, it was almost wiped out in the 1941 Battle of the Philippines. Sep 15, 2016. 25 July 1977: Capt Charlie Carter, Thunderbird pilot and narrator, was fatally injured after an aborted landing attempt in, 8 September 1981: Lt Col David L. Smith, commander of the Thunderbirds, was killed when his aircraft ingested seagulls while taking off from, 4 April 2018: Maj Stephen Del Bagno, slot pilot, was killed when his aircraft, Thunderbird No. In 2007, during Maj. Malachowski's final season as a Thunderbird, the team selected its second female pilot, Captain Samantha Weeks, who flew the No. 16,893 were here. On 19 September 1985, the USAF Air Demonstration Squadron was consolidated by Air Force Historical Research Agency (AFHRA) with the 30th Bombardment Squadron, a unit which was organized on 13 June 1917.[9]. Three new pilots were selected in addition to a flight surgeon and an operations officer. [1] While practicing the four-plane diamond loop, the formation impacted the ground at high speed, instantly killing all four pilots: Major Norman L. Lowry (commander/leader), Captain Willie Mays, Captain Joseph N. "Pete" Peterson, and Captain Mark Melancon. The team switched to the F-105 Thunderchief for the 1964 season, but were forced to re-equip with the F-100D after only six airshows due to a catastrophic structural failure of the No. Officials did not disclose the type of aircraft Lt. Col. Eric Schultz had been piloting. We are mourning the loss of Major Del Bagno, said Brig. All rights reserved. 8 ran off the runway and overturned prior to the. AIR FORCE STUNT TEAM'S CHIEF DIES IN CRASH POSSIBLY CAUSED BY BIRDS, https://www.nytimes.com/1981/09/09/us/air-force-stunt-team-s-chief-dies-in-crash-possibly-caused-by-birds.html. World List 2.09M subscribers Subscribe 3.3M views 2 years ago #planecrash #worldlist #gonewrong From pilots going "too big" in their. [6][Note 1]. He then entered pilot training with the 3615th Pilot Training Wing, Craig Air Force Base, Ala., and graduated first in his class in March 1965. In 1982, the Thunderbirds suffered a catastrophic loss during pre-season training on 18 January. It was awarded nine Presidential Unit Citations in World War II. The Associated Press contributed to this report. [13], The Thunderbirds' aircraft were again changed in June 1956, to the F-100C Super Sabre, which gave the team supersonic capability. Heavy smoke could be seen coming from an area . The movie is fairly . Major Lauren "Threat" Schlichting '12 is one of only six female pilots in the 69-year history of the squadron and the second female Thunderbird to have graduated from the University of St. Thomas. Colonel Smith, of Rossville, Ga., who was 40 years old, had been commander of the team for three years. All Rights Reserved. On 1011 November 2007, the City of Las Vegas and Nellis AFB saluted the U.S. Air Force, hosting the capstone event of the USAF's 60th anniversary celebration. "[2], Technical Sergeant Alfred R. King filmed the accident from the ground. 7 (operations officer), and the first-ever Air Force Reserve Command pilot, Maj. Sean Gustafson, also joined the team as Thunderbird No. During this tour, the Thunderbirds performed at their first-ever air show in Ireland. Nonetheless, the 1982 season was cancelled for the Thunderbirds while they rebuilt the team. Their 3,000th air show was performed in 1990, and in 1991 the team went overseas to perform air shows in Switzerland, Poland, and Hungary. The aircraft continued to stay airborne for about half a mile before hitting a large oak tree and a barn, then sliding across a field and flipping as it traversed an irrigation canalultimately erupting into a fireball just a few hundred feet from the runway's end. The United States Postal Service honored the Air Force's 50th anniversary as a separate branch of the military in 1997 with a limited edition stamp featuring the Thunderbirds. The other jet was lost one year later as the result of roll-over incident in Dayton, Ohio during an inclement weather landing. Retrieved 30 August 2010. The twin-engine jet was one of two planes performing at the base, near Ogden. More information will be provided as it becomes available.". LAS VEGAS, NV The Air Force Thunderbirds this week selected new officers and pilots who will join the squadron in September for the 2022 and 2023 air show seasons. They also performed the first American military demonstration in a communist country when the team visited Beijing, China, in 1987.[3]. As a combat pilot, Creech flew 280 missions and was decorated 39 times, including 22 awards for bravery in combat. This switch was accompanied by a relocation of their headquarters to Nellis AFB, Nevada on 1 June because of maintenance and logistical difficulties of basing the F-100s at Luke, with their first show after the move being held on 23 June. Capt. March 12, 1959: Captain C. D.Fish Salmon killed during solo training. The horror, the grisliest of times, was six years ago. The four pilots died instantly: Major Norm Lowry, III, leader, 37, of Radford, Virginia; Captain Willie Mays, left wing, 31, of Ripley, Tennessee; Captain Joseph "Pete" Peterson, right wing, 32, of Tuskegee, Alabama; and Captain Mark E. Melancon, slot, 31, of Dallas, Texas. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. Set your Throttles to Full AB and Join The Aviation Geek Club! Erik Gonsalves was injured when, during landing, Thunderbird No. Also in 1996, the team participated in the Atlanta Olympics' opening ceremonies. Hauck, a 1971 graduate of the Air Force Academy, had been with the Thunderbirds for a year. He has traveled to the Middle East to cover U.S. Air Force operations. GOING SUPERSONIC with U.S. Air Force Thunderbirds! At the end of the routine, all six aircraft join in formation, forming the Delta. [15][16] The F-100D Super Sabre was retained through the 1968 season. [22] His Phantom experienced a structural failure of the horizontal stabilizer, and Major Howard ejected as the aircraft fell back to earth tail first from about 1,500 feet and descended under a good canopy, but he landed in the aircraft fireball and did not survive. http://afthunderbirds.com/site/2018/04/04/thunderbirds-aircraft-mishap/, A post shared by Air Force Thunderbirds (@afthunderbirds) on Apr 5, 2018 at 11:44am PDT. The identity of the pilot is being withheld for 24-hours pending next of kin notification. A mid-air collision occurred during a performance in 1952. Gene Devlin died in an F-105 crash on May 9, 1964. "I'm a left-wing solo. The same day, a Marine Harrier jet crashed during takeoff from an airport in the East African nation of Djibouti. ''The plane got about 30 to 40 feet off the ground and then came back down,'' said Mike Barth, deputy commissioner at Burke, who saw the crash. thunderbird pilot death thunderbird pilot death Home Realizacje i porady Bez kategorii thunderbird pilot death The squadron's name is taken from the legendary creature that appears in the mythologies of several indigenous North American cultures. ^ "GAO: April 2007: Tactical Aircraft: DOD Needs a Joint and Integrated Investment Strategy". The F-16 was not overdue for any inspections, and there was no indication of any recurring maintenance problems or any mechanical, structural or electrical failure that would have contributed to the crash. Photo courtesy of the Geico Skytypers Air Show Team. The air around the exhaust manifolds shimmered like a mirror from fuel fumes as the huge prop started to rotate. Feb. 17, 1970. In total, twenty-one Thunderbirds pilots have been killed in the team's history. The team continues to fly the F-16, having switched from the F-16A to the F-16C in 1992. [2], After six months training in an unofficial status, the Thunderbirds were activated on 25 May 1953 as the 3600th Air Demonstration Team at Luke AFB, just west of Phoenix.[10]. U.S. Air Force Photo by Master Sgt. Sgt. 21 December 1972: Capt Jerry Bolt and TSgt Charles Lynn were killed during a flight test at Nellis. A U.S. Air Force Thunderbirds pilot crashed his F-16 Fighting Falcon in April after experiencing a gravity-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC) during an aerial maneuver over the Nevada Test and . 2 aircraft during a pitch-up maneuver that resulted in the death of Capt Gene Devlin at Hamilton Air Force Base on 9May. June 23, 2017: Captain Erik Gonsalves injured during a landing prior to the Vectren Dayton Air Show. Later in the year, the team returned to Canada for the Abbotsford International Airshow at Abbotsford International Airport, British Columbia. Since Heard's release last November, two-year team veteran Lt. Col. Kevin Walsh has led the Thunderbirds. By using this website, you accept the terms of our Visitor Agreement and Privacy Policy, and understand your options regarding Ad Choices. Bolt Hall, the 99th Force Support Squadron building, is named for Capt Jerry D. S. Bolt who crashed 21 Dec 1972 while a Thunderbird team member. He served as an F-35A evaluator pilot before being selected for the Thunderbirds unit in June 2017. Occasionally the digitization process introduces transcription errors or other problems; we are continuing to work to improve these archived versions. When Quebec City celebrated its 400th anniversary, the Thunderbirds joined the Canadian Armed Forces's Snowbirds, the British Royal Air Force's Red Arrows, and the United States Navy's Blue Angels in a ceremonial flight over Quebec City. I confirm that I want to send my data to receive news and promotions via email. Alan Wilson Thunderbirds General Dynamics F-16CM The squadron switched to the F-16 after a devastating accident that occurred in 1982 when four members of the team were killed. The Thunderbirds were practicing at Indian Springs Air Force Auxiliary Field, Nevada (now Creech Air Force Base) for a performance at DavisMonthan AFB, Arizona. Thunderbirds pilot Maj. Stephen Del Bagno temporarily lost consciousness during a high G-force maneuver and was incapacitated right before a fatal crash in April. It is also one of the oldest squadrons in the Air Force, its origins dating to the organization of the 30th Aero Squadron, formed at Kelly Field, Texas, on 13 June 1917. In 1986, the Thunderbirds did a fly-by for the re-dedication of the Statue of Liberty in New York City. Something was not right with the Marine flier at the stick of Blue Angels jet No. document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Occasionally the digitization process introduces transcription errors or other problems; we are continuing to work to improve these archived versions. Flying high-performance fighter jets is inherently dangerous; when flying in extremely close formation, the danger is compounded. Gen. Jeannie Leavitt, 57th Wing Commander. 0:00 / 11:51 10 Times Air Shows Went Terribly Wrong! The entire 2013 flying season was canceled due to budget cuts resulting from the United States fiscal cliff. Jim Jannette, director of public relations for the Thunderbirds. Present-day USAF Thunderbirds carry the lineage, history, and honors of the 30th on active duty. The report said Del Bagno was known as an inspirational leader who was always positive and put others before himself., The merger between his positive personality and pilot skills made him a perfect fit for the Thunderbirds' mission to recruit, retain and inspire, the report said. A Thunderbirds spokeswoman, Sgt. [1] The Thunderbirds are assigned to the 57th Wing, and are based at Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada. (U.S. Air . Five T-38s used the same amount of fuel needed for one F-4 Phantom. There is also an extra amount of humor regarding the inverted performance of Thunderbird 5: the pilots all wear tailored flight suits with their name and jet number embroidered on the left breast. Below are some of the more notable members of the Thunderbirds: This article incorporates public domain material from the .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}Air Force Historical Research Agency.

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