which of the following statements is true about correctional officers?

There are rarely opportunities for educational achievement in prison. The HIV Care Cascade Before, During, and After Incarceration: A Systematic Review and Data Synthesis. your answer. Revocation hearings usually begin with a violation report prepared by the probation officer. ___________ officers are experienced correctional officers who know and can perform almost any custody role in the institution. [64,65] Developing new models of prison healthcare, such as telemedicine, that can effectively deliver best-practice HIV medicine to inmates living with HIV, is crucial to ensuring the constitutionally protected right of prisoners to adequate healthcare. Some crimes are classified as felonies in one part of the country and as misdemeanors in another part of the country. [11,42] Several studies evaluating the impact of directly observed antiretroviral therapy in prisons have found that directly observed antiretroviral therapy does not necessarily lead to better medication adherence than self-administration. True or False? In addition to charging inmates housing and medical co-pay fees as a way to offset jail operations, some jurisdictions have added pay-to-stay jails. Which of the following is NOT one of those categories? [20] The linkage to appropriate medical care during incarceration can be challenging since HIV specialists may not be available to provide medical services on-site at the correctional facility. [6] From 2007 through 2018, Black individualsconsistently had higher prison incarceration rates were consistently higher among persons who are Black than those who are White(Figure 7). This graphic represents systematic review and data synthesis compiled up to January 13, 2015. Which of the following statements is true? In the case of_______, the Supreme Court ruled that it was unconstitutional to sentence a 15-year-old to death. The most honorable form of punishment for men was decapitation with a sword. Some correctional systems have arranged partnerships to allow processing of Social Security Administration (SSA) and Medicare applications before release, as recommended by the SSA and the Centers for Medicare and Medical Services. Which of the following statements is true? If possible, allow the community care provider to visit the inmate before release. [45] Some prison-specific barriers include unauthorized medication confiscation, medication theft, medication stock-outs, and inability to access medications during lockdowns. The _______ likes to give orders and seems to enjoy the feeling of power that comes from ordering inmates around. A correctional officer who provides commodities to the inmate population is a called a ________. A. Initially the value of exponential function increases slowly but increases faster later on. Easy Quiz 2. Everyone is entitled to equal medical treatment without regard to status. To which of the following due process protections are they NOT entitled? Some officers become intrusive and pry into the personal lives of inmates. The process of making the offender a productive member of the community again is called? [6] In 2018, among the 1,414,162 persons in prisons, 33% (464,200) were Black and 23% (330,200) were Hispanic. The next day, while discussing the incident, one of the arresting officers mentioned that the prisoner had said something about "have to kill myself" while being The period of Western social thought that began in the 17th century and lasted until the dawn of the 19th century is known as? Treating HIV and AIDS in prison is difficult for all but one of the following reasons? An executive act that removes both punishment and guilt is called a __________. This system called for solitary confinement at labor, with instruction in labor, morals and religion. Jails confine persons before or after . Inmates' belief that a correctional officer can and will punish disobedience gives the officer __________. In a retrospective review involving 882 prisoners with HIV in the Connecticut Department of Corrections system, virologic suppression (less than 400 copies/mL) improved from 29.8% at entry to 70.0% by release. The scale developed from a risk-screening instrument used to predict parole outcome is the _________________. [17] Transgender women, in particular, have relatively higher rates of HIV and incarceration. The ___________ was influenced by progressive beliefs that education and science were vehicles for controlling crime. On any given day, more persons are housed in prisons than in jails, but over the course of a year the jail system encounters and houses many more distinct individuals; the higher total annual volume in a jail is due to much higher admission and release rates in jails than in prisons, where inmates typically have long sentences. Directly observed antiretroviral therapy is less convenient, decreases patient control, and may inadvertently jeopardize confidentiality. Those officers who are responsible for supervising inmates in housing areas are called __________. Which of the following is NOT one of those ways? Personalism & Modern Psychology Plato's Meno, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, Service Management: Operations, Strategy, and Information Technology, Electoral Process and Propaganda Techniques Q. What is defined as the conditional release of prisoners before they have served their full sentences? By law, antiretroviral therapy must be available to all inmates who have HIV. [6], In the United States, during the years 1991-2015 the annual number of persons with diagnosed HIV in state or federal prisons ranged from a high of 25,976 in 1998 to a low of 17,146 in 2015; from 1998 to 2015 the number and rate of persons with HIV in state or federal prisons declined (Figure 8). The first juvenile court established in 1899 in? Prison construction is estimated to be at______a year. The tension between prison staff members and inmates that arises out of the correctional setting is called____________. "America is the land of the second chance and when the gates of the prison open, the path ahead should lead to a better life", was said by_______________. Incarceration offers a structured environment to initiate and continue antiretroviral therapy. [46] In the prison setting, unique barriers to antiretroviral adherence exist, such as frequent transfers between facilities or assignments within the facility that can interfere with continuity of care. The earliest date on which an inmate might be paroled is called his _____________. This is called__________. [52]In the past, some correctional administrators and officials thought placing all inmates known to have HIV together in special unitsand in some cases identifying them by an armband or special clothingwould reduce HIV transmission to both staff and other inmates. Bureau of Justice Statistics: Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Officers who conduct pre-sentence investigations utilize discretion in deciding what to include in a report and, most importantly, what sentence to recommend. Reward power. Based ONLY on the paragraph above, which one of the following statements is the most accurate? Until the middle of the twentieth century, courts followed a(n) ________ philosophy toward prison matters. Values such as supportiveness, teamwork, perseverance, empathy, and caring enable officers to cope with post-traumatic stress; they are part of team of colleagues who care for their coworkers. The United States Supreme Court awarded Gerald Gault all of the following rights except? According to Schmalleger, the ___________ adapts to prison by exploiting the minimal pleasures it offers. [22], Many have called for a comprehensive strategy to help stop HIV transmission within the correctional system, through interventions such as voluntary counseling and testing, disease prevention education, and treatment for substance use disorders. Mandatory release is similar to ________ in that persons let out under either arrangement ordinarily receive a period of community supervision. These data are from correctional facilities in 59 CDC-funded Health Department jurisdictions. What is described as the secret exchange of goods and services among inmates? Prosecutors have indicated they will seek life in prison . The numbers for each year represent a sample taken at one point in time and represent persons with diagnosed HIV. Until the middle of the twentieth century, courts followed a(n) ________ philosophy toward prison matters. True or False? The author of On Crimes and Punishments was? To this end, we subscribe to the following principles. Which of the following is NOT one of these interests? Assume that the Portland Trail Blazers center makes 58%58\%58% of his free-throw shots. These data are for persons 18 years of age and older. August 24, 2017. Persons with HIV who have incarceration periods for fewer than 7 days have the highest risk of treatment interruption; this is likely due to the chaotic nature of the jail setting, with rapid turnover, unpredictable lengths of stay, and lack of communication with regular care providers. For more than 200 years, England practiced a form of criminal exile known as transportation. HIV-positive inmates working in the kitchen. [37] A more recent CDC HIV corrections testing project conducted from 2009-2013 found 0.3-0.4% of inmates tested in a broad range of correctional facilities were newly diagnosed with HIV(Figure 13). The ability of correctional facilities to successfully provide antiretroviral treatment for inmates is variable. The states of________,Georgia and Texas are making extensive use of communtity service. It also been observed that the functions have only one asymptote. Incarcerated individuals who exhibit unique physical, mental, social and progammatic needs that distinguish them from other prisoners are called? The religious group________sometimes burned witches and unruly slaves; made wide use of the stocks, the pillory and ducking stool; branded criminal offenders; and forced women convicted of adultery to wear "scarlet letters". The idea that people are motivated by pleasure and pain and that the proper amount of punishment can deter crime is called? In 2014, the mean annual wage for state correctional officers was ________. World Prison Brief, Institute for Criminal Policy Research. HIV Testing Implementation Guidance for Correctional Settings. The fundamental difference between jail and prison is the nature of their. [20] Adequate discharge planning and linkage to community medical care upon release often fall short of practices recommended by the CDC and only 30% of individuals are retained in HIV medical care after 6 months in the community. ___________are locally operated correctional facilities that confine people before and after conviction. [26,30] Release from prison has been associated with increases in HIV RNA levels and decreased CD4 counts, which reflect some of the challenges with engaging in medical care and adhering to antiretroviral therapy while trying to reintegrate into society. Pretrial officers utilize discretion in making pretrial release decisions. [31,32,33], Studies have shown that HIV testing within the structured environment of corrections is effective and feasible; the cost-effectiveness of testing incarcerated populations varies with the prevalence of undiagnosed HIV among inmates in any given testing area, but, overall, is on par with the cost of testing in the non-correctional setting. Typically, at any single point in time, the number of incarcerated adults housed in prisons is approximately twice those in jails. 2. The inmates' perception that certain correctional officers have valuable skills gives rise to ___________. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Show transcribed image text. In the past, sellers had more power than buyers, but now buyers have more power than sellers. Which of the following is sacrificed so that prisons and jails can continue to operate in an efficient manner given the budget cutbacks? [16] In addition, when compared with men, incarcerated women have higher rates of unemployment (45.8% versus 26.7%), homelessness (17.4% versus 12.1%), and psychiatric comorbidities (43.6% versus 21.6%). . Some inmates with newly diagnosed HIV may require outside expert medical consultation. Parole and probation, taken together with other forms of non-prison sanctions, are called community corrections. The major Code of Ethics governing the field of corrections was created? Which of the following is usually not a characteristic of women's prisons? The numbers for each year represent a sample taken at one point in time. Match the terms with the definitions. [76] Inadequate data exist regarding HIV prevalence in community corrections and HIV testing rates are low in this setting. Time taken off an inmate's sentence for participating in certain activities such as going to school, learning a trade and working inprison is called _____________. Cognitive Psychology Overview of Theory. Source: Maruschak LM, Bronson J. HIV in Prisons, 2015Statistical Tables. They are meant to help you stay on track throughout each lesson and check your understanding of key concepts. [72,73] Therefore, in this setting, it is important to utilize a range of HIV prevention strategies that include keeping released prisoners engaged in medical care, assisting them in taking antiretroviral therapy consistently achieving suppressed HIV RNA levels, identifying and treating sexually transmitted infections (since sexually transmitted infections can increase the risk of HIV transmission to partners), and facilitating the use of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for community serodifferent partners. The parole concept has its roots in an 18th century English penal practice of __________. Which of the following statements is true? D. Some officers adopt a human-services orientation toward their work. Automatically remove your image background. Race, ethnicity and sex are all aspects of? consensual sex for gratification, sexual assault, voyeurism, or prostitution. This answer has been confirmed as correct and helpful. Time taken off an inmate's sentence for participating in certain activities such as going to school, learning a trade and working inprison is called _____________. Which of the following states paid its correctional officers the highest median annual wage in 2014? Those officers assigned to security (or gun) towers, wall posts and perimeter patrols are called _____________. B. The term ________ is defined as the reduction of the original sentence given by executive authority, usually a state's governor. Question: Which of the following statements is true? [26,49], Maintaining confidentiality in jails and prisons can be challenging since the health information of prisoners is not always considered a protected entity. [25], In the United States, upon entry into jail or prison, it is estimated that approximately 22% of HIV-seropositive individualsare unaware they have HIV. Collaborate with state and local offices administering benefit and entitlement programs to facilitate pre-release applications and benefit reinstatements. The numbers for each year represent a sample taken at one point in time. [4,5] According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, at the end of 2016 the United States had approximately 2,162,400 adults in correctional facilities. The numbers for each year represent a sample taken at one point in time during that year. [77] Nevertheless, the community corrections population represents an important target for HIV screening and prevention services. This impacts correctional administrators' ability to? b) They represent a minor percentage of staff members in a prison. Most systems provide 30 days or less of antiretroviral medications, which is problematic since the wait time for an appointment at many community clinics often exceeds a month. "Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted" is the 5th Amendment. Source: Iroh PA, Mayo H, Nijhawan AE. According to the philosopher, the duration of a 'second' is precise. A writ issued by an appellate court to obtain from a lower court the record of its proceeding in a particular case is called a? Depending on the jurisdiction, convicted felons lose a variety of civil rights. The prison population is higher today in the United States than at any time in our history. [26,69] Individuals taking antiretroviral therapy at the time of discharge should receive an adequate supply of antiretroviral medication as a bridge from jail or prison release to an appointment with a community provider. [7] Epidemiologic surveys indicate the prevalence of HIV in 2015 was approximately 1.3% among inmates in correctional facilities, which is markedly higher than the 0.3 to 0.4% HIV prevalence in the general United States population. [67] Programs that enhance linkage and entry into HIV care are crucial. Fails when it's ill conceived and/or not implemented as designed. Assist the inmate with scheduling an appointment with the community care provider. [1], At any point in time, about twice as many persons are incarcerated in prisons in the United States than in jails (Figure 1), but over the course of a year the number of individuals incarcerated in the jail system far exceeds those incarcerated in prisons (Figure 2); this difference over a year results from the low turnover rates in prisons (longer stays and infrequent releases) versus high turnover rates in jails (shorter stays and frequent releases). Within a correctional facility, the health and safety considerations for an inmate may take priority over the right to confidentiality, but some have interpreted this to mean that all officers should know the HIV status of individuals who are incarcerated. Expedited HIV care may be necessary for special clinical circumstances including acute HIV,an acute opportunistic infection, and HIV during pregnancy. The region of the country with the highest number of parolees is the ___________. After the American Revolution, England sent its prisoners to Scotland. The case of Cruz v. Beto established the right of prisoners to have visits. The equal-protection clause under the ________ Amendment has led the Supreme Court to forbid racial discrimination and has led state courts to target gender discrimination. [48] Also, with short stays there may be inadequate time to collect a medical history, inquire about and verify current and previous medication regimens, or obtain the necessary antiretroviral medications before an individual is released. Imminent threats. The average ratio of correctional officers to inmates in federal prisons in 2015 was ________. This is called__________. The most common cause of death among the world's prisoners is? The normal patterns of behavior expected of those holding particular social positions are called__________. Robert-Francois Damiens was sentenced to be quartered publicly in Paris for attempting to kill? From 1775 through 1856, English offenders were sent to _________ as punishment for crimes. The sources of prisoners' rights are all except which of the following? Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, Annual Probation Survey, Annual Parole Survey, Annual Survey of Jails, Census of Jail Inmates, and National Prisoner Statistics Program, 1980-2016. Intensive supervision probation(ISP) involves? The principle of least eligibility holds that? A. [50] In this setting, however, the use of universal precautions should negate the need for correctional staff outside of health services to know the HIV status of any individual patient. Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), The National HIV Curriculum is supported by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) as part of a financial assistance award totaling $1,021,448 with 0% financed with non-governmental sources. The patterns of behavior expected of correctional staff members in particular jobs are called__________. A method the U.S. Supreme Court uses to decide prisoner's rights cases, weighing the rights claimed by inmates against the legitimate needs of prisons is called the__________? [74] Moreover, some investigators have also demonstrated that incarceration disrupts primary intimate relationships, suggesting that use of prison-based programs to help prisoners and their partners maintain their relationship during incarceration may reduce the number of sexual contacts after release.[75]. [3] The total adult population in the correctional system in the United States, including local jails, state prisons, and federal prisons, increased significantly during the 1980s and 1990s (largely as a result of the crackdown on illegal drug use), peaked in 2008, and then leveled off (or slightly decreased) (Figure 4) and (Figure 5). Many prison movies have been made in recent years. Board of Governors and Delegates Assembly 1994. Acorrectional agency that has the authority to grant parole is a called a ________. The Supreme Court has ruled that censorship in prisons is legal only if it furthers one of three substantial government interests. The process, however, remains slow and difficult, primarily because the necessary funding is simply not available. Instances of prison sex can be divided into three basic categories. that an officer had to run to a squad car for a chain cutter. In 1972, the case of__________ruled that the application of the death penalty, as it was then carried out, was unconstitutional and set aside 40 death penalty statutes. The typical offender has been convicted of? officer's supervisor. Officers can never catch all criminals. Few inmates suffer from psychological problems. Since individuals often engage in activities that may increase risk for HIV acquisition following release from the correctional setting, secondary prevention is a critical component of transitional care planning. Which of the following cases launched the prisoners' rights movement? Option A is correct. Some officers become alienated, cynical, and withdrawn. Because of limited access to HIV specialists, some prison systems have attempted to cohort persons with HIV in one or two facilities that have the easiest access to the specialists they needed. Adult offenders are known as criminals, juvenile offenders are known as? The "evidence" that evidence based corrections is based on is highly controversial. If you want to skip this dialog please Always allow popup windows for the online course. 2015;105:e5-16. What Latin term is defined as a court order requiring that a confined person be brought to court so that his or her claims can be heard? [ 1] In the United States, the HIV prevalence among incarcerated individuals is 1.3%, which is more than three times higher than among the general population. 2015;42:643-9. A. In which of the following years did the first female correctional officer begin work at a high-security institution? The first legally chartered American custodial institution for juvenile offenders was? Some terms may not be used. Sellers should focus on being helpful because buyers are powerless and need help to buy. Court litigation is a very slow, expensive, and piecemeal way to reform prisons. They always seek the easy path and they plot to win the cushiest jobs. Which of the following is a supervision strategy that uses electronic technology to track offenders who have been sentenced to house arrest, or who have been ordered to limit their movements while completing a sentence involving probation or parole? [7] Since the state prison population is much larger than the federal prison population, it is not surprising the number of state prisoners with HIV far outnumbers the number in federal prison (Figure 9). With severe correctional budget cuts, prisons struggle to obtain money for? According to your authors, the Three-State Recidivism Study concluded? Referral for mental health support as indicated. Having the inmate talk to a provider, a nurse, or a counselor at the follow-up clinic may help with concrete linkage to services. In women's prisons, the ________ role is occupied by sophisticated professional criminals who try to do easy time by manipulating other inmates and the staff to their own advantage. A crime punishable by confinement in a local jail for a year or less is called? Racism Identify the standard-setting professional associations in the field of corrections that have developed models of professionalism.The American Probation and Parole Association The American Jail Association The American Correctional Association Identify an accurate statement about education as a component of trueprofessionalism in [19] Incarcerated Black men are at least twice as likely as incarcerated White men to have HIV. [26] Fewer than 30% of persons with HIV in the United States who enter the correctional system do so with an undetectable HIV RNA level. QUESTION 68 The process of civilian gang members with no prior criminal history being recruited to apply to become correctional officers is called: a. testing b.active recruiting O c downing a duck O d. empathy QUESTION 62 Why do some scholars say that the criminal justice system is designed to fail? The majority of inmates in the Federal Bureau of Prisons have been convicted of _____. From the graph it has been observed that the functions grow exponentially. Prisoners who were sent to Australia, and then committed further felonies, were sent to __________. Find state Departments of Corrections for information about state and local prisons and prisoners held in these facilities. Correctional officers dispense both formal and informal sanctions to induce cooperation among inmates. The use of___________in corrections and public policy is now considered the gold standard for policy and program development. Added 11/4/2021 7:21:03 PM. Which of the following statements is true about correctional officers? The American correctional Association expects of its members unfailing honesty, respect for the dignity and individuality of human beings and a commitment to professional and compassionate service. Answer: Corrections officers are primarily concerned with custody and control. The belief that inmate subcultures develop in response to the deprivations in prison life is called? Which of the following statements regarding prison subcultures is true? The _________ would be most involved in encouraging prisoners to participate in educational, vocational and treatment programs. According to Cullen and Gendreau, rehabilitation strangely enough, works very well with murderers. At the end of 2012, approximately ________ percent of the people who were employed in adult correctional agencies in the United States were security staff. The most common sexually transmitted disease, one which affects the eyes and lungs, is? Source: Carson EA. Correctional Institutions. Complete applications for medical services in conjunction with the inmate. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. In a study of CDC-funded HIV tests conducted in adult correctional facilities the percentage of persons newly diagnosed with HIV who were linked to HIV medical care within 90 days improved from 37.8% in 2009 to 67.5% in 2013 (Figure 14).[38]. According to the text, for punishment to be effective as a deterrent it must be________,_________, and_______. The buyer has always had more power than the seller. Living in prison is fundamentally different from living in the free community in several ways. Considering the high HIV prevalencein the correctional settings, it is imperative that strategies and systems are in place to maximize initiation and uninterrupted administration of antiretroviral therapy within jails and prisons. B. [9,22,23] A large meta-analysis estimated the incidence of transmission of viral infections within prisons and found rates of 0.08 per 100 person-years with HIV. Psychology - What is Psychology? In contrast, when analyzing by the prevalence rate of personswith HIV in state or federal prison, the HIV prevalence rate in women (range, 1.3-1.8%) was similar to the HIV prevalence rate in men (range, 1.3-1.4%) (Figure 11).