which of the following best explains diffusion?

Which of the following is most likely to move through the cell membrane by facilitated diffusion? This experiment was selected for Science at Home because it teaches NGSS Disciplinary Core Ideas, which have broad importance within or across multiple science or engineering disciplines. Typically, diffusion refers to the movement of molecules from high concentrations to lower concentrations. Simple diagram of a symporter (carrying two molecules in the same direction) and an antiporter (carrying two molecules in opposite directions). If a cell is in a hypertonic solution, the solution has a . (2005). Adult should review each experiment and determine what the appropriate age is for the students participation in each activity before conducting any experiment. does the glucose molecule just randomly attach itself to the protein when it's about to transport a sodium ion to the other side? C. peroxisome Diffusion is a physical process that refers to the net movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to one of lower concentration. D. Golgi apparatus. The best explanation for the diffusion of plants and animals from their hearths of domestication is option C. Contagious diffusion in the early years was a way of spreading from one person to the other. This increases the rate at which solute and solvent molecules move, and increases collisions. In general, the inside of a cell has a higher concentration of potassium (K, If sodium ions are outside of a cell, they will tend to move into the cell based on both their concentration gradient (the lower concentration of Na, The combination of concentration gradient and voltage that affects an ions movement is called the. There are certainly more numbers of potassium ions in the cells, but remember that there are greater numbers of sodium ions outside the cell (since for every three sodium ions moved out of the cells, two potassium ions enter the cell), therefore, resulting in a net positive charge outside the cell and net negative charge inside the cell. Which of the following is used to export large molecules from the cell? this monosaccharide yields the most energy of all macromolecules. The second sugar solution is hypertonic to the first. passive transport: a method of transporting material that does not require energy. To extend the example given above, if the block of dry ice is broken into multiple pieces, the area that interacts with the atmosphere immediately increases. O To edit the mRNA strand and make it ready to leave the nucleus. The hypertonic solution has a lower water concentration than the hypotonic solution, so a concentration gradient of water now exists across the membrane. C. Diffusion provides ciphertext heterogeneity, while confusion provides algorithm This problem has been solved! Direct link to Yago's post Why can't the Sodium move, Posted 4 years ago. i dont quite understand the secondary active transport. D. mitochondria, Which of the following is a function of lysosomes? Midlatitude climates tend to support similar agricultural crops and practices, such as wheat farming in the United States and China. If sublimation is carried out in a narrow crucible, the fumes diffuse slowly out towards the mouth of the container and then rapidly disappear. Though water is a polar molecule, it can also diffuse through the plasma membrane. (1967). Electrochemical gradients and the membrane potential. Mr. Weddington was admitted to the hospital with chronic heart failure. This process requires some form of chemical energy. PS1.A: Structure and Properties of Matter, PS3.C: Relationship Between Energy and Forces. What is transported across a membrane during osmosis? The membrane potential of a typical cell is -40 to -80 millivolts, with the minus sign meaning that inside of the cell is more negative than the outside, As an example of how the membrane potential can affect ion movement, lets look at sodium and potassium ions. Which of the following best explains this change? Which of the following best explains the risks associated with pesticide applications? Diagram of a sodium-glucose cotransporter, which uses the energy stored in a sodium ion gradient to transport glucose "uphill" against its gradient. Actually, Sodium does go down its gradient but through specialized Sodium channels. Muscle cells require an abundant amount of ATP to function. Based on the different types of land use shown in the image, which of the following best explains why soil salinization is a concern in the arid landscape shown? Cells utilize oxygen in the mitochondria for aerobic respiration, which generates carbon dioxide gas as a byproduct. Lipids do not mix with water (recall that oil is a lipid), so the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane acts as a barrier, keeping water out of the cell, and keeping the cytoplasm inside the cell. A solution that contains fewer solutes than the cell is ________ to the cell. Domestication of plants and animals evolved in each hearth independently of one another as societies in each area learned and applied the process to local plants and animals. If there was a coolant near the mouth of a crucible heating iodine how would that affect its rate of diffusion? Conversely, in active transport, the solute moves against the concentration gradient, from regions of lower to higher concentration. But now you have two mixtures of different solute concentrations. Image 2 shows an innovation that occurred in the Second Agricultural Revolution, reducing the amount of labor needed and increasing crop yields. Which of the following is the main component of the cell membrane? Solution A and solution B are separated by a semipermeable membrane. At this point, equilibrium is reached. The SER synthesizes the majority of the lipid components of the plasma membrane. One of the most important pumps in animal cells is the, Not only does the sodium-potassium pump maintain correct concentrations of Na. Would remain unchanged B. Small-scale farmers in Asia often lacked the resources necessary to acquire the hybrid seeds and the chemical inputs to grow them, leaving large gaps in the success of the Green Revolution outside of urban cores. when it releases the ions the pump no longer has a affinity for the molecules, is this because the energy used to change the conformation of the pump knocks off electrons or does the phosphates make the pump more negative due to the negative charges on the phosphates itself? To move substances against a concentration or electrochemical gradient, a cell must use energy. B. This creates a concentration gradient, with concentration of carbon dioxide gradually decreasing with distance from the lump of dry ice. Drought and depletion of groundwater sources in developing countries cause a rise in global grain prices and associated higher costs for food. Which of the following best explains the Green Revolution's highly variable level of success in increasing agricultu. Which of the following explains why multiple early hearths of domestication and diffusion of plants and animals arose across the world in Central America, the Fertile Crescent, the Indus River valley, and Southeast Asia? Grain farming is an extensive farming practice that can maximize profits in part by lower land costs, lower transportation costs, and imperishability of the product. The two images represent different agricultural land survey patterns. The Green Revolution led to an increase in food production in many places around the world, but there have been some negative consequences. In general, to maintain homeostasis the relationship between our intracellular and extracellular fluids should be which of the following? Diffusion is a physical process that refers to the net movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to one of lower concentration. A Diffusion provides encryption strength, while confusion provides data integrity B. Diffusion provides function integrity, while confusion provides encryption confidentiality. This is also seen when two liquid reactants are mixed with one another. The rate of this movement depends on the energy of the molecules. in a symporter it makes sense that the flow of one ion should cause other molecules to go along with it, however in an antiporter, what causes the other molecule to move up its conc. Identify the polar and nonpolar regions of a cell membrane. Tea plantations were established in Sri Lanka by a former European colonial power. During the Green Revolution, agricultural practices from more developed countries diffused to less developed countries in Asia and Africa. It is an important process occurring in all living beings. The greater the surface area, the faster the rate of diffusion. selectively permeable: the characteristic of a membrane that allows some substances through but not others. _{15}^{\mathrm{a}} \mathrm{X} & \rightarrow \beta+^{32} \mathrm{b} \end{aligned} Here, well look in more detail at gradients of molecules that exist across cell membranes, how they can help or hinder transport, and how active transport mechanisms allow molecules to move against their gradients. Which of the following best explains the Green Revolution's highly variable level of success in increasing agricultu. & y_2^{\prime}=12 y_1 \\ Both systems require geometric calculations to survey property lines. Nuclear pores connect the cytoplasm with the nucleoplasm and allow substances to move between the two areas. Which of these statements is NOT true? The plants and animals diffused to a region with climate and geography similar to that of their point of domestication. A process that requires energy to move a substance against its concentration gradient is called: The Na+/K+ pump transports three sodium ions out of the cell for every two potassium ions moved into the cell. Biologydictionary.net Editors. Which of the following statements most accurately compares these two agricultural practices? Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. Diffusion will continue until the concentration gradient has been eliminated. What type of membrane junction allows ions to pass directly from the cytoplasm of one cell to the cytoplasm of the adjacent cell? A. Option C is the correct answer because Cultural divergence (CD) happens when two cultures separate, therefore CD explains the best concept of driving forces of contemporary cultural diffusion. Which of the following explains why oranges are available. Fish cells, like all cells, have semipermeable membranes. Explanation: When a substance moves from higher concentrated area to a lower concentrated area, is called as diffusion. When oxygen is moving towards tissues from capillaries, carbon dioxide is entering the bloodstream. How To Prolong Ejaculation During Intercourse? Which of the following is the best situation for maintaining homeostasis? Each cell has a long tail that moves in a whip-like manner. An open beaker of water in equilibrium with water vapour is in a sealed container. Direct link to zykeriaprice2's post what is the main differen, Posted 7 years ago. By osmosis: water will move from solution A to solution B. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack This is usually not directed in any particular manner, and can appear random. Image depicting the charge and ion distribution across the membrane of a typical cell. Which of the following best explains the reasons for the similarities and differences between the two land survey systems shown? Which of the following explains the diffusion and successful cultivation of many plants and animals in new regions of the world through the Columbian Exchange? Since diffusion moves materials from an area of higher concentration to the lower, it is described as moving solutes "down the concentration gradient". The food coloring mixes through the hot water faster than it mixes with the cold water. A primary active transport process is one in which __________. Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. With the phosphate group gone, the pump will change back to its original form, opening towards the interior of the cell. Although one of these refers to chemical properties and the latter social interaction, both are examples or diffusion. The electrode system developed a potential of 0.2331V-0.2331 \mathrm{~V}0.2331V when immersed in 10.010.010.0 mL\mathrm{mL}mL of the solution of unknown concentration. A. Golgi apparatus Carbon dioxide is a small molecule that moves through the phospholipid bilayer with its concentration gradient by: Sodium ions are moving with their concentration gradient with the use of a protein channel across a plasma membrane. The majority of water molecules moving across plasma membranes by osmosis do so via a process that is most similar to ____. In its inward-facing shape, the pump loses its interest in (has a low affinity for) potassium ions, so the two potassium ions will be released into the cytoplasm. What organelle degrades old, worn-out organelles and cell components? This property can be observed even better if the gas has an odor or color. To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity. ADP is released as a by-product. Lettuce production in the United States is an example of commercial farming. For example, if a block of dry ice (carbon dioxide in solid form) is placed inside a box, carbon dioxide molecules in the center of the block mostly collide with each other and get retained within the solid mass. Passive processes that move substances across membranes ________. What transport process can create a concentration gradient for sodium across the plasma membrane? Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Question 16 30 seconds Q. A. Secondary active transport involves the movement of a substance into a cell through a protein channel with its concentration gradient. When the sodium ions bind, they trigger the pump to hydrolyze (break down) ATP. This allows red blood cells to carry oxygen all over your body. The image shows the movement of an insoluble molecule from the extracellular space towards the cytoplasm. Which of these components add specialized functions to the plasma membrane? If a person goes to the hospital for surgery and requires IV (intravenous) fluids, which of the following should you expect? Water moves into and out of cells by osmosis. Diffusion happens slowly and only across the small surface of interaction between the two fluids. In facilitated diffusion, molecules only move with the aid of a protein in the membrane. A vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and releases its contents to the extracellular fluid. The number of molecules that only collide with other carbon dioxide particles within dry ice decreases. These farmers and traders exchanged the domesticated plants between themselves. What part of the plasma membrane is hydrophobic? A vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and releases its contents to the extracellular fluid. The cell membrane allows the cell to stay structurally intact in its water-based environment. Biology Dictionary. Direct link to Stocke's post Why does the diffusion of, Posted 7 years ago. This can even be observed visually by the addition of different colored dyes to each of the liquids. Wipe up any spills that may have happened. A. 266X15aX+baY+32b. Which of the following statements is best supported by the images? Even though this is random non-directed movement, with a large bulk, it can create a scenario where there is no net movement of gas from the container. The mechanization of farming in the Second Agricultural Revolution resulted in more reliable crop harvests and healthier populations in areas where the mechanization was adopted. Molecules that cannot easily pass through the bilayer include ions and small hydrophilic molecules, such as glucose, and macromolecules, including proteins and RNA. What conditions affect the diffusion of a substance in water? Heroes and Highlights in the History of Diffusion. 1) The "sodium/glucose symporter", known as SGLT (sodium glucose linked transporter), receives the energy needed to perform its transport from the electrochemical gradient established by the sodium/potassium pump. are in the same box the next time you log in. As an example, let's suppose we have a high concentration of sodium ions in the extracellular space (thanks to the hard work of the sodium-potassium pump). Invention of the plow eased the intensive use of labor, and the innovation of mechanized farm equipment led to improved food production. During the Green Revolution, agricultural practices from more developed countries diffused to less developed countries in Asia and Africa. Some transport processes use transport proteins in the plasma membrane, but do not require ATP. what is the main difference between active transport using a carrier protein, and passive transport using facilitated diffusion? 1. & y_1^{\prime}=3 y_2 \\ Both domesticated plants and animals spread across the globe through contagious diffusion in early years by farmers and traders, and later by relocation diffusion through European exploration and colonialism. C. Extracellular fluid should be isotonic to intracellular fluid. Think of how delicious smells from your kitchen take longer to get into your bedroom than to your living room which is located right beside the kitchen. If a cell is in a hypertonic solution, the solution has a lower water concentration than the cell cytosol, and water moves out of the cell until . Based on this information and your understanding of osmosis and tonicity, what type of IV fluid is the doctor likely administering to try to save the life of the student suffering from water intoxication? The pump is now back to where it was in step 1, and the cycle can begin again. Because it is faster to utilize already available ATP through the electrochemical gradient. What part of a cell membrane is usually in contact with the interstitial fluid? Do not mix or stir. Which of the following is not a major function of proteins in the cell membrane? 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For example, how might this play into why coffee and tea always start with hot water? Intensive agriculture is practiced in a Mediterranean climate. Both farming practices require considerable labor input because the fruit is picked by hand, making it a product of intensive agriculture. Palm oil, an edible vegetable oil used in processing packaged food products, is obtained from the fruit of the oil palm tree, grown only in the tropics. Passive transport is a way that small molecules or ions move across the cell membrane without input of energy by the cell. What process does water use to move across the plasma membrane? You now add the two solutions to a beaker that has been divided by a semipermeable membrane, with pores that are too small for the sugar molecules to pass through, but are big enough for the water molecules to pass through. Channels Channel proteins span the membrane and make hydrophilic tunnels across it, allowing their target molecules to pass through by diffusion. The liver is an organ that can synthesize lipids, such as cholesterol, and detoxify poisons, such as alcohol. Direct link to Ivana - Science trainee's post yes, dimensions also play. Diffusion is the process of movement of molecules under a concentration gradient. Explain why and how passive transport occurs; Understand the processes of osmosis and diffusion; Define tonicity and describe its relevance to passive transport; Plasma membranes must allow certain substances to enter and leave a cell, while preventing harmful material from entering and essential material from leaving. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. This means that the dry ice (or even regular ice) will evaporate faster on a warmer day, simply because each molecule is moving with greater energy and is more likely to quickly escape the confines of a solid state. However, for molecules in the periphery, rapidly moving molecules in the air also influence their movement, allowing them to diffuse into the air. Similarly, if a canister of liquid nitrogen leaks a little, nitrogen gas that escapes would quickly diffuse into the atmosphere. This apparent slowing down is due to the fact that, over time, the larger container begins to have enough iodine gas that some of it will be moving backwards towards the crucible. An electrical potential difference exists whenever there is a net separation of charges in space. Plantation farming is considered to be an intensive farming practice because it requires large inputs of labor and capital to produce the crop. Some transport processes use transport proteins in the plasma membrane, but do not require ATP. For each of the following cases, determine whether the cycle operates reversibly, operates irreversibly, or is impossible. Which of the following best explains why the New England region, located in the northeastern United States, would specialize in market gardening agriculture rather than other types of agriculture, such as grain farming? Can you predict, based on the first way of doing the experiment, what might change, if anything? Which of the following best describes the differences in the agricultural practices and land use for these products? Cells placed in a hypotonic solution will take in water across their membranes until both the external solution and the cytosol are isotonic. Privacy Policy and In an antiporter it uses the energy of the ions flowing down their concentration gradient. Direct link to Ivana - Science trainee's post Because it is faster to u, Posted 7 years ago. One of the main characteristics of diffusion is the movement of molecules along the concentration gradient. Main difference: In facilitated diffusion, the solute moves down the concentration gradient, from regions of higher to lower concentration, relying on the specificity of the protein carrier to pass through the membrane. Which of the following best describes the settlement patterns shown in the images? What four steps should you take to reduce your risk for foodborne illnesses? By diffusion: glucose will move from solution B to solution A. Because a solute moving down its concentration gradient is spontaneous. What do you predict will happen to the person's cells?